133 research outputs found
Ulnar dimelia variant: a case report
We report a case of ulnar dimelia, commonly called mirror hand, in a 2-month-old female child who had restriction of elbow flexion and forearm rotation. There was no facial or other internal organ malformation. Radiographs revealed seven triphalangeal digits with double ulnae (one following the other) and absent radius. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of this mirror hand deformity in which fingers are symmetrical while duplicated ulnae are not
Testing foundations of quantum mechanics with photons
The foundational ideas of quantum mechanics continue to give rise to
counterintuitive theories and physical effects that are in conflict with a
classical description of Nature. Experiments with light at the single photon
level have historically been at the forefront of tests of fundamental quantum
theory and new developments in photonics engineering continue to enable new
experiments. Here we review recent photonic experiments to test two
foundational themes in quantum mechanics: wave-particle duality, central to
recent complementarity and delayed-choice experiments; and Bell nonlocality
where recent theoretical and technological advances have allowed all
controversial loopholes to be separately addressed in different photonics
experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, published as a Nature Physics Insight review
articl
The selective post-translational processing of transcription factor Nrf1 yields distinct isoforms that dictate its ability to differentially regulate gene expression
Upon translation, the N-terminal homology box 1 (NHB1) signal anchor sequence of Nrf1 integrates it within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) whilst its transactivation domains [TADs, including acidic domain 1 (AD1), the flanking Asn/Ser/Thr-rich (NST) domain and AD2] are transiently translocated into the ER lumen, whereupon the NST domain is glycosylated to yield an inactive 120-kDa glycoprotein. Subsequently, these TADs are retrotranslocated into extra-luminal subcellular compartments, where Nrf1 is deglycosylated to yield an active 95-kDa isoform. Herein, we report that AD1 and AD2 are required for the stability of the 120-kDa Nrf1 glycoprotein, but not that of the non-glycosylated/de-glycosylated 95-kDa isoform. Degrons within AD1 do not promote proteolytic degradation of the 120-kDa Nrf1 glycoprotein. However, repositioning of AD2-adjoining degrons (i.e. DSGLS-containing SDS1 and PEST2 sequences) into the cyto/nucleoplasm enables selective topovectorial processing of Nrf1 by the proteasome and/or calpains to generate a cleaved active 85-kDa Nrf1 or a dominant-negative 36-kDa Nrf1γ. Production of Nrf1γ is abolished by removal of SDS1 or PEST2 degrons, whereas production of the cleaved 85-kDa Nrf1 is blocked by deletion of the ER luminal-anchoring NHB2 sequence (aa 81–106). Importantly, Nrf1 activity is positively and/or negatively regulated by distinct doses of proteasome and calpain inhibitors
STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL KARAKTERISTIK KUAT TEKAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK PEMBAKARAN BRIKET DAUN CENGKEH DAN JERAMI PADI
Penelitian ini mempelajari tentang karakteristik kuat tekan dan karakteristik
pembakaran briket daun cengkeh dan jerami padi. Pembriketan dilakukan dengan
menggunakan mesin pres hidrolik dengan tekanan pembriketan sebesar 450
kg/cm2, dengan bahan pengikat dan tanpa bahan pengikat. Bahan pengikat yang
digunakan adalah lem kanji dengan kadar 5 %. Briket berbentuk silinder dengan
diameter sekitar 3 cm dan tinggi 5 cm. Variasi parameter pembriketan yang
digunakan adalah ukuran butir 20, 40 dan 80 mesh, kadar air 15 %, 20 % dan 25
%, serta suhu pembriketan sebesar 60 oC, 80 oC, 100 oC dan 120 oC. Uji
pembakaran dilakukan dalam tungku berbentuk tabung horisontal berdiameter
dalam 170 mm. Variasi perameter uji pembakaran yang digunakan adalah
kecepatan aliran udara sebesar 0,6 m/s; 0,8 m/s; 1,0 m/s dan 1,2 m/s serta variasi
ukuran butir sebesar 20, 40, dan 80 mesh. Suhu pembriketan berpengaruh
signifikan terhadap peningkatan kuat tekan briket. Dari hasil uji pembakaran
dapat ditentukan besarnya laju pembakaran, profil suhu pembakaran, nilai energi
aktivasi (E ), konstanta Arrhenius (A), dan emisi CO. Dari semua percobaan,
kadar emisi CO puncak lebih dari 400 ppm.
Kata kunci: kuat tekan, daun cengkeh, jerami, bahan pengikat, ukuran butir,
suhu pembriketan, kadar air, laju pembakaran, energi aktivasi,
emisi CO.
Safety and Feasibility of Long-term Intravenous Sodium Nitrite Infusion in Healthy Volunteers
BACKGROUND: Infusion of sodium nitrite could provide sustained therapeutic concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) for the treatment of a variety of vascular disorders. The study was developed to determine the safety and feasibility of prolonged sodium nitrite infusion. METHODOLOGY: Healthy volunteers, aged 21 to 60 years old, were candidates for the study performed at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; protocol 05-N-0075) between July 2007 and August 2008. All subjects provided written consent to participate. Twelve subjects (5 males, 7 females; mean age, 38.8±9.2 years (range, 21-56 years)) were intravenously infused with increasing doses of sodium nitrite for 48 hours (starting dose at 4.2 µg/kg/hr; maximal dose of 533.8 µg/kg/hr). Clinical, physiologic and laboratory data before, during and after infusion were analyzed. FINDINGS: The maximal tolerated dose for intravenous infusion of sodium nitrite was 267 µg/kg/hr. Dose limiting toxicity occurred at 446 µg/kg/hr. Toxicity included a transient asymptomatic decrease of mean arterial blood pressure (more than 15 mmHg) and/or an asymptomatic increase of methemoglobin level above 5%. Nitrite, nitrate, S-nitrosothiols concentrations in plasma and whole blood increased in all subjects and returned to preinfusion baseline values within 12 hours after cessation of the infusion. The mean half-life of nitrite estimated at maximal tolerated dose was 45.3 minutes for plasma and 51.4 minutes for whole blood. CONCLUSION: Sodium nitrite can be safely infused intravenously at defined concentrations for prolonged intervals. These results should be valuable for developing studies to investigate new NO treatment paradigms for a variety of clinical disorders, including cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and ischemia of the heart, liver, kidney and brain, as well as organ transplants, blood-brain barrier modulation and pulmonary hypertension. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00103025
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